{"id":185,"date":"2014-03-17T02:51:36","date_gmt":"2014-03-17T02:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/?page_id=185"},"modified":"2026-01-03T13:47:47","modified_gmt":"2026-01-03T13:47:47","slug":"genitourinary-complaints","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/genitourinary-complaints\/","title":{"rendered":"Genitourinary Complaints"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; inner_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#961622&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=&#8221;Genitourinary Complaints &#8221; subhead=&#8221;(hematuria, dysuria, polyuria, frequency, pain)&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_bg_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; inner_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_tabs module_class=&#8221;key-conditions&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Key Conditions&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; body_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; tab_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Balanitis<br \/>\nEnuresis<br \/>\nPhimosis<br \/>\nTesticular torsion<br \/>\nVesicoureteral reflux<br \/>\nVulvovaginitis<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Foundational Knowledge&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; body_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; tab_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the anatomy and physiology of the genitourinary system<\/li>\n<li>Identify infectious and non-infectious causes of urinary complaints<\/li>\n<li>Distinguish between glomerular versus non-glomerular hematuria<\/li>\n<li>Apply basic principles of pharmacology and indications for drugs used in the management of urinary tract infections<\/li>\n<li>Describe the pathophysiology of male genital complaints, including phimosis, balanitis and testicular torsion<\/li>\n<li>Describe the pathophysiology of infectious and non-infectious vulvovaginitis<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between diurnal and nocturnal enuresis, and when enuresis requires treatment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Resources&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; body_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; tab_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<div class='et-learn-more clearfix'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class='heading-more'>Overview &amp; Foundational Knowledge<span class='et_learnmore_arrow'><span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='learn-more-content'><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Williams GJ, Hodson EH, Isaacs D &amp; Craig JC.  Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in children.  Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2012; 48: 296-301.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01925.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01925.x<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>This review summarizes the most relevant recent primary studies, systematic reviews and guidelines; common sense approach to UTIs.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Massengill.  Hematuria.  Pediatrics in Review 2008; 29: 342-348<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.29-10-342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.29-10-342<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Very good review article on hematuria in pediatrics, diagnosis, approach to history and physical examination, when to refer to nephrology.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Saulsbury FT. Henoch-Schonlein purpura.  Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2010; 22: 598-602.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bor.0b013e32833af608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bor.0b013e32833af608<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>A short update on recent advances in the genetic susceptibility, pathogenesis and treatment of Henoch\u2013Schonlein purpura.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Kiddoo DA.  Nocturnal enuresis. CMAJ 2012; 184(8): 908-910.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.111652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.111652<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Brief \u201cprimer\u201d on nocturnal enuresis.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Hellerstein S &amp; Linebarger J. Voiding Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients. Clinical Pediatrics 2003; 42: 43-9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992280304200107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992280304200107<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Clinical criteria for the various voiding disorders with management tips.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<div class='et-learn-more clearfix'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class='heading-more'>Clinical Resources<span class='et_learnmore_arrow'><span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='learn-more-content'><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Management of primary nocturnal enuresis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cps.ca\/en\/documents\/position\/primary-nocturnal-enuresis\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.cps.ca\/en\/documents\/position\/primary-nocturnal-enuresis<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cps.ca\/fr\/documents\/position\/enuresie-nocturne-primaire\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.cps.ca\/fr\/documents\/position\/enuresie-nocturne-primaire<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Canadian Paediatric Society Position Statement (2005, 2013) on nocturnal enuresis<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children 2 to 24 Months. Pediatrics 2011; 128: 595-610.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/128\/3\/595.full.pdf#page=1&amp;view=FitH\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/128\/3\/595.full.pdf#page=1&amp;view=FitH<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>There are many UTI guidelines (AAP, NICE, etc) \u2013 this is the AAP practice guidelines for first UTI in 2 month to 2 year olds<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Estrada CR Jr, Passerotti CC, Graham DA, et al. Nomograms for predicting annual resolution rate of primary vesicoureteral reflux: results from 2462 children. J Urol 2009; 182: 1535.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.06.053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.06.053<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Useful to estimate probability of spontaneous resolution of childhood vesicoureteric reflux.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ahn SY &amp; Ingulli E.  Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: An update.  Current Opinion in Pediatrics 2008; 20: 157-162.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mop.0b013e3282f45bcf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mop.0b013e3282f45bcf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Review article which summarizes the recent advances in the pathogenesis, host susceptibility factors, diverse clinical presentations, and treatment of the condition.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>[\/et_pb_tab][\/et_pb_tabs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.19.9&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eeeeee&#8221; global_module=&#8221;2263&#8243; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; logo_image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/canuc-paeds.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;50px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;7px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;max-height: max-content;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;menu-clinical-line-height&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/abdominal-pain-abdominal-mass\/\">Abdominal Pain &amp; Abdominal Mass<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/acutely-ill-child\/\">Acutely Ill Child<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/adolescent-health-issues\/\">Adolescent Health Issues<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/altered-loc\/\">Altered Level of Consciousness<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/bruising-bleeding\/\">Bruising \/ Bleeding<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/dehydration\/\">Dehydration<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/development-behavioural-learning-problems\/\">Development \/ Behavioural \/ Learning Problems<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/diarrhea\/\">Diarrhea<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/edema\/\">Edema<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/eye-issues\/\">Eye Issues<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;menu-clinical-line-height&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin-bottom: 0px !important;&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/fever\/\">Fever<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/genitourinary-complaints\/\"><strong>Genitourinary Complaints<\/strong><\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/growth-problems\/\">Growth Problems<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/headache\/\">Headache<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/inadequately-explained-injury\/\">Inadequately explained injury<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/limp-extremity-pain\/\">Limp \/ Extremity Pain<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/lymphadenopathy\/\">Lymphadenopathy<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/mental-health-concerns\/\">Mental Health Concerns<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/murmur\/\">Murmur<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/neonatal-jaundice\/\">Neonatal Jaundice<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;menu-clinical-line-height&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/newborn\/\">Newborn<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/pallor-anemia\/\">Pallor \/ Anemia<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/rash\/\">Rash<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/respiratory-distress-cough\/\">Respiratory distress \/ Cough<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/seizure-paroxysmal-event\/\">Seizure \/ Paroxysmal event<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/sore-ear\/\">Sore Ear<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/sore-throat-sore-mouth\/\">Sore Throat \/ Sore Mouth<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/vomiting\/\">Vomiting<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/well-child-care\/\">Well Child Care<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Balanitis Enuresis Phimosis Testicular torsion Vesicoureteral reflux Vulvovaginitis Describe the anatomy and physiology of the genitourinary system Identify infectious and non-infectious causes of urinary complaints Distinguish between glomerular versus non-glomerular hematuria Apply basic principles of pharmacology and indications for drugs used in the management of urinary tract infections Describe the pathophysiology of male genital complaints, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-185","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=185"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3012,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/185\/revisions\/3012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}