{"id":193,"date":"2014-03-17T02:52:57","date_gmt":"2014-03-17T02:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/?page_id=193"},"modified":"2025-05-18T16:01:51","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T16:01:51","slug":"eye-issues","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/eye-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"Eye Issues"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; inner_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#961622&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=&#8221;Eye Issues&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_bg_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover=&#8221;null&#8221;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; inner_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_tabs module_class=&#8221;key-conditions&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Key Conditions&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; body_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; tab_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Absent red reflex<br \/>\nAmblyopia<br \/>\nConjunctivitis<br \/>\nNormal vision development<br \/>\nPeriorbital \/ orbital cellulitis<br \/>\nStrabismus<br \/>\nVisual changes<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Foundational Knowledge&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; body_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; tab_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the anatomy and physiology of the eye and related structures<\/li>\n<li>Describe normal visual development<\/li>\n<li>Describe the pathophysiology and risk factors of common diseases affecting the eye and related structures<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate assessment of extraocular movements and identify the corresponding cranial nerves<\/li>\n<li>List and classify the pathogens causing infections of the eye and related structures<\/li>\n<li>Describe the basic principles of pharmacology used in the management of common eye infections<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Resources&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.1&#8243; body_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; tab_font=&#8221;||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<div class='et-learn-more clearfix'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class='heading-more'>Overview &amp; Foundational Knowledge<span class='et_learnmore_arrow'><span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='learn-more-content'><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pediatric Conjunctivitis: A Review of Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10217501\/ \n\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10217501\/\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Pediatric Vision Screening  <\/p>\n<p>Pediatrics in Review 2018 <\/p>\n<p>Allison Loh <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Hauser, A. and Fogarasi, S. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis.&nbsp;<em>Pediatrics in Review<\/em>&nbsp;2010; 31(6): 242-249.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pedsinreview.aappublications.org\/content\/31\/6\/242\">https:\/\/pedsinreview.aappublications.org\/content\/31\/6\/242<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Very good overview of periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Excellent pictures. There is a correction to the post-article questions (question 14, correct answer is C). Please note: for MRSA, antibiotics choices should be adapted as antibiotic resistance patterns vary by region.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Richards A and Guzman-Cottrrill JA. Conjunctivitis.&nbsp;<em>Pediatrics in Review<\/em>&nbsp;2010; 31(5): 196-208.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/20435711\">https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/20435711<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Overview of conjunctivitis. Many good pictures.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Red Reflex Examination in Neonates, Infants, and Children.&nbsp;<em>Pediatrics<\/em> 2008;&nbsp;122 (6): 1401-1404<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/pediatrics\/122\/6\/1401.full.pdf\">https:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/pediatrics\/122\/6\/1401.full.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Abnormal exam: absent red reflex. Statement from AAP Section on Ophthalmology and other associations.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<div class='et-learn-more clearfix'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class='heading-more'>Clinical Resources<span class='et_learnmore_arrow'><span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='learn-more-content'><table>\n<tbody>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class='et-learn-more clearfix'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class='heading-more'>Virtual Patients or Cases<span class='et_learnmore_arrow'><span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='learn-more-content'><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Leukocoria in a 1-months old <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pedscases.com\/leukocoria-1-month-old-girl \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.pedscases.com\/leukocoria-1-month-old-girl <\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acute Eye inflammation in a 10-year old boy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pedscases.com\/acute-eye-inflammation-10-year-old-boy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.pedscases.com\/acute-eye-inflammation-10-year-old-boy<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][\/et_pb_tabs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.19.9&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#eeeeee&#8221; global_module=&#8221;2263&#8243; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; logo_image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/canuc-paeds.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;50px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;7px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;max-height: max-content;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;menu-clinical-line-height&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/abdominal-pain-abdominal-mass\/\">Abdominal Pain &amp; Abdominal Mass<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/acutely-ill-child\/\">Acutely Ill Child<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/adolescent-health-issues\/\">Adolescent Health Issues<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/altered-loc\/\">Altered Level of Consciousness<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/bruising-bleeding\/\">Bruising \/ Bleeding<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/dehydration\/\">Dehydration<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/development-behavioural-learning-problems\/\">Development \/ Behavioural \/ Learning Problems<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/diarrhea\/\">Diarrhea<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/edema\/\">Edema<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/eye-issues\/\"><strong>Eye Issues<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;menu-clinical-line-height&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin-bottom: 0px !important;&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/fever\/\">Fever<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/genitourinary-complaints\/\">Genitourinary Complaints<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/growth-problems\/\">Growth Problems<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/headache\/\">Headache<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/inadequately-explained-injury\/\">Inadequately explained injury<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/limp-extremity-pain\/\">Limp \/ Extremity Pain<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/lymphadenopathy\/\">Lymphadenopathy<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/mental-health-concerns\/\">Mental Health Concerns<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/murmur\/\">Murmur<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/neonatal-jaundice\/\">Neonatal Jaundice<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;menu-clinical-line-height&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/newborn\/\">Newborn<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/pallor-anemia\/\">Pallor \/ Anemia<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/rash\/\">Rash<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/respiratory-distress-cough\/\">Respiratory distress \/ Cough<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/seizure-paroxysmal-event\/\">Seizure \/ Paroxysmal event<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/sore-ear\/\">Sore Ear<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/sore-throat-sore-mouth\/\">Sore Throat \/ Sore Mouth<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/vomiting\/\">Vomiting<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/well-child-care\/\">Well Child Care<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Absent red reflex Amblyopia Conjunctivitis Normal vision development Periorbital \/ orbital cellulitis Strabismus Visual changes Describe the anatomy and physiology of the eye and related structures Describe normal visual development Describe the pathophysiology and risk factors of common diseases affecting the eye and related structures Demonstrate assessment of extraocular movements and identify the corresponding cranial [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-193","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=193"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2723,"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/193\/revisions\/2723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pupdoc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}