Seizure / Paroxysmal event
Arrhythmia
Breath-holding spell
Brief Resolved Unexplained Event
Febrile vs. non-febrile seizure
General vs. focal seizure
Status epilepticus
Syncope
- Describe the neurophysiology of electrical and chemical signal transmission
- Discuss the pathophysiology of seizure activity
- Identify neurologic and non-neurologic causes of paroxysmal events
- Apply basic principles of pharmacology in the management of seizure
- Know that arrhythmias in children that may present with sudden collapse and identify common arrhythmias of childhood
Overview & Foundational Knowledge
| Stanford Children’s Health Arrhythmias in Children
http://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=arrhythmias-in-children-90-P01764 Good website describing different types of arrhythmias in children and diagnostic testing. |
| Learn Pediatrics: Approach to the Child with a Seizure
http://learn.pediatrics.ubc.ca/body-systems/nervous-syste/approach-to-the-child-with-a-seizure/ Practical approach. Includes questions to ask in history, diagnosis, etiology, physical examination findings and investigations. Summary of five seizure syndromes found in children. Includes neurocutaneous disorders causing seizures in infancy. |
| Learn Pediatrics: Approach to Febrile Seizures
http://learn.pediatrics.ubc.ca/body-systems/nervous-syste/febrile-seizures/ Practical brief overview. Includes diagnostic criteria and table on differentiation between simple and complex febrile seizures. Covers questions to ask on history, physical examination and investigations. |
| Fischer WJ & Cho CS. Pediatric Syncope: Cases from the Emergency Department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 2010; 28(3): 501-516.
Good table on causes of syncope; good approach to syncope in emergency department. Includes critical elements in history and physical, diagnosis. Good table on EKG findings in syncope. Includes five cases on different causes of syncope. |
| Wills J. Syncope. Pediatrics in Review 2000; 21(6): 201-204.
Comprehensive overview. Includes definition, etiology, differences between cardiac, non-cardiac and neurocardiac syncope, clinical aspects and management. |
| Learn Pediatrics: Approach to Syncope: is it cardiac or not.
http://learn.pediatrics.ubc.ca/body-systems/cardiology/approach-to-syncope-is-it-cardiac-or-not/ Clinical overview: very practical. Includes definition, common conditions, life threatening conditions and other conditions. Also covers differential diagnosis, questions to ask on history, physical examination findings, investigations. There is a good chart for investigations of syncope. |
| Sidhu R, Velayudam K, Barnes G. Pediatric Seizures. Pediatrics in Review 2013; 34(8): 333–342.
Overview of all types of pediatric seizures |
Clinical Resources
| Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower Risk infants. Tieder JS, Bonkowski JL and the Subcommittee on Apparent Life Threatening Events. AAP Clinical Practice Guideline Pediatrics. May 2016. 137(5), e1-e33.
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/04/21/peds.2016-0590 Clinical guidelines describing new terminology and approach to assessment and diagnosis. |
| Emergency management of the paediatric patient with generalized convulsive status epilepticus
http://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/convulsive-status-epilepticus http://www.cps.ca/fr/documents/position/mal-epileptique-convulsif Canadian Paediatric Society Position Statement (2011): very practical |
| Febrile Seizures. Guideline for the Neurodiagnostic Evaluation of the Child With a Simple Febrile Seizure. Pediatrics 2011; 127(2) 389–394.
Clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics. |
Cards
| Seizure / Paroxysmal Event
Canuc-Paeds physician authored, replayable cases |
